History of the Achiever
The Achiever assessment has its roots in a localized personnel testing practice formed by a group of industrial psychologists in Dallas, Texas in 1957. Dr. John L. Shirley and other psychologists used the prominently recognized psychological tests of the day to test people for potential leadership roles in organizations. Early on, start up customers were Morris Zale and Ben Lipshy, his father-in-law, who built the Zales Corporation, Mary Kay Ash, who originated Mary Kay Cosmetics, Ebby Halliday, who originated Ebby Halliday Real Estate, Mary Crowley, who originated Home Interior Decorating and Gifts, John and Jerry Thompson, who started 7-Eleven, which later became Southland Corporation, and Charles Tandy who acquired Radio Shack when it was in bankruptcy.
Dr. Shirley and other staff psychologists tested and interviewed each of these individuals, their children and people hired, to determine if they were the right individuals to build these companies. Forty-seven years ago, the testing fee was $250.00 per person which included compilation of the resulting report and its presentation.
As the years passed, these clients pressed for a more economical way of testing applicants since, at that time, they were required to bring job applicants to Dallas, then those applicants spent one to two days in the psychologists' offices undergoing a battery of tests and interviews resulting in a report which reflected the test and interview results.
As a result of this request for a simpler, more economical testing solution, Dr. Shirley contacted Dr. Raymond Cattell, who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) - a leading psychological assessment. Dr. Cattell participated in the building of a new test, along with Dr. James L. Moore from Purdue, Dr. Shirley and two other noted psychologists. Together, they built the first test to debut in America that measures mental aptitudes critical to any job, behavioral traits that were purely job-related, and validity scales all in one instrument. Prior to the instrument's creation, there were no purely job-related tests that contained a measurement of aptitudes, behaviors and validity scales in the same instrument. Today the test they developed is known as the Achiever.
Milton S. Cotter, who began working for Dr. John L. Shirley in the early 1970's, began a process of transitioning The Achiever instrument into one that could be used by employers across America. Mr Cotter worked with Dr. Max L. Fogel, a leading neuropsychologist, and Dr. C. Alan Siebenthall, to document the Achiever interpretive reporting process and the appropriate materials enabling trained laymen to administer and score the tests in a more effective and economical manner. Mr. Cotter began emphasizing the use of benchmarks in conjunction with The Achiever assessment. Benchmarking is conducted by assessing people who are successful in their jobs by job category as identified by their employers, followed by the determination of the aptitudes and behaviors they had in common and their levels. These common traits, as determined by the Achiever, become the benchmarks against which applicants are then compared.
By the late 70's, Cotter began experimenting with computers as a way to deliver testing and the resulting reports more efficiently. In the 80's, he worked with computer programmers to program The Achiever scoring system and reports into Basic and began delivering test results from specially-built Intertech "superbrain" PC's. This era gave way to creation of MS DOS software to score and deliver test results. This model and client service system was used across America in the late 80's and the 90's, until the internet became more prominently used by individuals and employers.